Proletarian Hopes
I. [Plutocracy and the Workingman: Disruption of industry--strikes and lockouts in the Gilded Age. Bitterness of conflict. The discovery of the injunction]
I. [Industrialism and the American theory of freedom: Rise of labor unions. Passing of the frontier. Incoming of German Socialists and the recovery of the doctrine of class war lost since the eighteenth century]
II. [The first solution--Syndicalism: T. V. Powderly and the Knights of Labor]
III. [The second solution--craft unionism: Gompers and the A. F. of L. A middle-class solution]
II. [The Rise of the Left]
I. [The Menace of Socialism: The Haymarket riot; Governor Altgeld]
II. [Leaders of the Left: Daniel De Leon; Eugene Debs; Victor Berger]
III. The Quest of Utopia 301
I. Edward Bellamy and _Looking Backward_ 302
II. [After Bellamy: “Nationalism”; Tourgée’s _Murvale Eastman_]
IV. [The Darkening Skies of Letters: The clouds gathering on the “gay” horizon of American optimism. Changes in the temper of scientific thought point to determinism. A gloomier realism on the way, coming first from the West] 316
I. [Edwin Markham and “The Man with a Hoe”]
II. [The Rise of Naturalism: Stephen Crane; Frank Norris[494]]
III. [Fiction Discovers the City]