gȳman, w. v. w. gen., _to take care of, to be careful about_: pres. III. gȳmeð, 1758, 2452; imp. sg. oferhȳda ne gȳm! _do not study arrogance_ (despise it), 1761.
for-gȳman, w. acc., _to neglect, to slight_: pres. sg. III. hē þā forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgȳmeð, 1752.
gȳtsian. See gītsian.
gȳt. See gīt.
H
habban, w. v., _to have_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. I. þæs ic wēn hæbbe (_as I hope_), 383; þē ic geweald hæbbe, 951; ic mē on hafu bord and byrnan, _have on me shield and coat of mail_, 2525; hafo, 3001; sg. II. þū nū [friðu] hafast, 1175; pl. I. habbað wē ... micel ǣrende, 270; pres. subj. sg. III. þæt hē þrīttiges manna mægencræft on his mundgripe hæbbe, 381. Blended with the negative: pl. III. þæt be Sǣ-Gēatas sēlran næbben tō gecēosenne cyning ǣnigne, _that the Sea-Gēatas will have no better king than you to choose_, 1851; imp. hafa nū and geheald hūsa sēlest, 659; inf. habban, 446, 462, 3018; pret. sg. hæfde, 79, 518, 554; pl. hæfdon, 539.--2) used as an auxiliary with the pret. part.: pres. sg. I. hæbbe ic ... ongunnen, 408; hæbbe ic ... geāhsod, 433; II. hafast, 954, 1856; III. hafað, 474, 596; pret. sg. hæfde, 106, 220, 666, 2322, 2334, 2953, etc.; pl. hæfdon, 117, 695, 884, 2382, etc. Pret. part. inflected: nū scealc hafað dǣd gefremede, 940; hæfde se gōda ... cempan gecorone, 205. With the pres. part. are formed the compounds: bord-, rond-hæbbend.
for-habban, _to hold back, to keep one's self_: inf. ne meahte wǣfre mōd forhabban in hreðre, _the expiring life could not hold itself back in the breast_, 1152; ne mihte þā for-habban, _could not restrain himself_, 2610.
wið-habban, _to resist, to offer resistance_: pret. þæt se wīnsele wið-hæfde heaðo-dēorum, _that the hall resisted them furious in fight_, 773.
hafela, heafola, w. m., _head_: acc. sg. hafelan, 1373, 1422, 1615, 1636, 1781; nā þū mīnne þearft hafalan hȳdan, 446; þonne wē on orlege hafelan weredon, _protected our heads, defended ourselves_, 1328; se hwīta helm hafelan werede, 1449; dat. sg. hafelan, 673, 1522; heafolan, 2680; gen. sg. heafolan, 2698; nom. pl. hafelan, 1121.--Comp. wīg-heafola.
hafenian, w. v., _to raise, to uplift_: pret. sg. wǣpen hafenade heard be hiltum, _raised the weapon, the strong man, by the hilt_, 1574.
hafoc, st. m., _hawk_: nom. sg., 2264.
haga, w. m., _enclosed piece of ground, hedge, farm-enclosure_: dat. sg. tō hagan, 2893, 2961.
haga, w. m. See ān-haga.
hama, homa, w. m., _dress_: in the comp. flǣsc-, fyrd-, līc-hama, scīr-ham (adj.).
hamer, st. m., _hammer_: instr. sg. hamere, 1286; gen. pl. homera lāfe (swords), 2830.
hand, hond, st. f., _hand_: nom. sg. 2138; sīo swīðre ... hand, _the right hand_, 2100; hond, 1521, 2489, 2510; acc. sg. hand, 558, 984; hond, 657, 687, 835, 928, etc.; dat. sg. on handa, 495, 540; mid handa, 747, 2721; be honda, 815; dat. pl. (as instr.) hondum, 1444, 2841.
hand-bana, w. m., _murderer with the hand_, or _in hand-to-hand combat_: dat. sg. tō hand-bonan (-banan), 460, 1331.
hand-gemōt, st. n., _hand-to-hand conflict, battle_: gen. pl. (ecg) þolode ǣr fela hand-gemōta, 1527; nō þæt lǣsest wæs hond-gemōta, 2356.
hand-gesella, w. m., _hand-companion, man of the retinue_: dat. pl. hond-gesellum, 1482.
hand-gestealla, w. m., _(one whose position is near at hand), comrade, companion, attendant_: dat. sg. hond-gesteallan, 2170; nom. pl. hand-gesteallan, 2597.
hand-geweorc, st. n., _work done with the hands_, i.e. achievement in battle: dat. sg. for þæs hild-fruman hondgeweorce, 2836.
hand-gewriðen, pret. part. _hand-wreathed, bound with the hand._ acc. pl. wælbende ... hand-gewriðene, 1938.
hand-locen, pret. part., _joined, united by hand_: nom. sg. (gūð-byrne, līc-syrce) hondlocen (because the shirts of mail consisted of interlaced rings), 322, 551.
hand-rǣs, st. m., _hand-battle_, i.e. combat with the hands: nom. sg. hond-rǣs, 2073.
hand-scalu, st. f., _hand-attendance, retinue_: dat. sg. mid his hand-scale (hond-scole), 1318, 1964.
hand-sporu, st. f., _finger_ (on Grendel's hand), under the figure of a spear: nom. pl. hand-sporu, 987.
hand-wundor, st. n., _wonder done by the hand, wonderful handwork_: gen. pl. hond-wundra mǣst, 2769.
hangan. See hōn.
hangian, w. v., _to hang_: pres. sg. III. þonne his sunu hangað hrefne to hrōðre, _when his son hangs, a joy to the ravens_, 2448; pl. III. ofer þǣm (mere) hongiað hrīmge bearwas, _over which frosty forests hang_, 1364; inf. hangian, 1663; pret. hangode, _hung down_, 2086.
hatian, w. v. w. acc., _to hate, to be an enemy to, to hurt_: inf. hē þone heaðo-rinc hatian ne meahte lāðum dǣdum (_could not do him any harm_), 2467; pret. sg. hū se gūð-sceaða Gēata lēode hatode and hȳnde, 2320.
hād, st. m., _form, condition, position, manner_: acc. sg. þurh hǣstne hād, _in a powerful manner_, 1336; on gesīðes hād, _in the position of follower, as follower_, 1298; on sweordes hād, _in the form of a sword_, 2194. See under on.
hādor, st. m., _clearness, brightness_: acc. sg. under heofenes hādor, 414.
hādor, adj., _clear, fresh, loud_: nom. sg. scop hwīlum sang hādor on Heorote, 497.
hādre, adv., _clearly, brightly_, 1572.
hāl, adj., _hale, whole, sound, unhurt_: nom. sg. hāl, 300. With gen. heaðo-lāces hāl, _safe from battle_, 1975. As form of salutation, wes ... hāl, 407; dat. sg. hālan līce, 1504.
hālig, adj., _holy_: nom. sg. hālig god, 381, 1554; hālig dryhten, 687.
hām, st. m., _home, residence, estate, land_: acc. sg. hām, 1408; Hrōðgāres hām, 718. Usually in adverbial sense: gewāt him hām, _betook himself home_, 1602; tō hām, 124, 374, 2993; fram hām, _at home_, 194; æt hām, _at home_, 1249, 1924, 1157; gen. sg. hāmes, 2367; acc. pl. hāmas, 1128.--Comp. Finnes-hām, 1157.
hām-weorðung, st. f., _honor_ or _ornament of home_: acc. sg. hām-weorðunge (designation of the daughter of Hygelāc, given in marriage to Eofor), 2999.
hār, adj., _gray_: nom. sg. hār hilde-rinc, 1308, 3137; acc. sg. under (ofer) hārne stān, 888, 1416, 2554; hāre byrnan (i.e. iron shirt of mail), 2154; dat. sg. hārum hildfruman, 1679; f. on hēare hǣðe (on heaw ... h ... ðe, MS.), 2213; gen. sg. hāres, _of the old man_, 2989.--Comp. un-hār.
hāt, adj., _hot, glowing, flaming_ nom sg., 1617, 2297, 2548, 2559, etc.; wyrm hāt gemealt, _the drake hot_ (of his own heat) _melted_, 898; acc. sg., 2282(?); inst. sg. hātan heolfre, 850, 1424; g. sg. heaðu-fȳres hātes, 2523; acc. pl. hāte heaðo-wylmas, 2820.--Sup.: hātost heaðo-swāta, 1669.
hāt, st. n., _heat, fire_: acc. sg. geseah his mondryhten ... hāt þrowian, _saw his lord endure the_ (drake's) _heat_, 2606.
hata, w. m., _persecutor_; in comp. dǣd-hata.
hātan, st. v.: 1) _to bid, to order, to direct_, with acc. and inf., and acc. of the person: pres. sg. I. ic maguþegnas mīne hāte ... flotan ēowerne ārum healdan, _I bid my thanes take good care of your craft_, 293; imp. sg. II. hāt in gān ... sibbegedriht, 386; pl. II. hātað heaðo-mǣre hlǣw gewyrcean, 2803; inf. þæt healreced hātan wolde ... men gewyrcean, _that he wished to command men to build a hall-edifice_, 68. Pret. sg. heht: heht ... eahta mēaras ... on flet tēon, _gave command to bring eight horses into the hall_, 1036; þonne ǣnne heht golde forgyldan, _commanded to make good that one with gold_, 1054; heht þā þæt heaðo-weorc tō hagan bīodan, _ordered the combat to be announced at the hedge_(?), 2893; swā se snottra heht, _as the wise_ (Hrōðgār) _directed_, 1787; so, 1808, 1809. hēt: hēt him ȳðlidan gōdne gegyrwan, _ordered a good vessel to be prepared for him_, 198; so, hēt, 391, 1115, 3111. As the form of a wish: hēt hine wēl brūcan, 1064; so, 2813; pret. part. þā wæs hāten hraðe Heort innan-weard folmum gefrætwod, _forthwith was ordered Heorot, adorned by hand on the inside_ (i.e. that the edifice should be adorned by hand on the inside), 992.--2) _to name, to call_: pres. subj. III. pl. þæt hit sǣlīðend ... hātan Bīowulfes biorh, _that mariners may call it Bēowulf's grave-mound_, 2807; pret. part. wæs se grimma gæst Grendel hāten, 102; so, 263, 373, 2603.
ge-hātan, _to promise, to give one's word, to vow, to threaten_: pres. sg. I. ic hit þē gehāte, 1393; so, 1672; pret. sg. hē mē mēde gehēt, _promised me reward_, 2135; him fægre gehēt lēana (gen. pl.), _promised them proper reward_, 2990; wēan oft gehēt earmre teohhe, _with woe often threatened the unhappy band_, 2938; pret. pl. gehēton æt hærgtrafum wīg-weorðunga, _vowed offerings at the shrines of the gods_, 175; þonne wē gehēton ūssum hlāforde þæt ..., _when we promised our lord that_..., 2635; pret. part. sīo gehāten [wæs] ... gladum suna Frōdan, _betrothed to the glad son of Froda_, 2025.
hātor, st. m. n., _heat_: in comp. and-hātor.
hæft, adj., _held, bound, fettered_: nom. sg., 2409; acc. sg. helle hæftan, _him fettered by hell_ (Grendel), 789.
hæft-mēce, st. m., _sword with fetters_ or _chains_ (cf. fetel-hilt): dat. sg. þǣm hæft-mēce, 1458. See Note.
hæg-steald, st. m., _man, liegeman, youth_: gen. pl. hæg-stealdra, 1890.
hæle, st. m., _man_: nom. sg., 1647, 1817, 3112; acc. sg. hæle, 720; dat. pl. hǣlum (hǣnum, MS.), 1984.
hæleð, st. m., _hero, fighter, warrior, man_: nom. sg., 190, 331, 1070; nom. pl. hæleð, 52, 2248, 2459, 3143; dat. pl. hæleðum 1710, 1962, etc.; gen. pl. hæleða, 467, 497, 612, 663, etc.