The Slow Shelf · Library · Authors · Subjects · About

I. Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem. II. The fight at Finnsburh: a fragment. · Unknown

Section 50

frēo-dryhten (= frēa-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein, dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. frēo-drihten min! 1170; dat. sg. mid his frēo-dryhtne, 2628.

frēogan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þæt mon his wine-dryhten ... ferhðum frēoge, 3178; inf. nū ic þec ... mē for sunu wylle frēogan on ferhðe, 949.

frēo-līc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with the bond concubine): nom. sg. frēolīc wīf, 616; frēolīcu folc-cwēn, 642.

frēond, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. frēond, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. frēondum, 916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. frēonda, 1307, 1839.

frēond-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wæs ful boren and frēond-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewægned, 1193.

frēond-lār, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. frēond-lārum, 2378.

frēond-līce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. frēond-līcor, 1028.

frēond-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. frēond-scipe fæstne, 2070.

frēo-wine, st. m. (see frēawine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_; according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc. frēo-wine folca! 430.

fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sīnne geseldan fægre fricgean hwylce Sǣ-Gēata sīðas wǣron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_ (having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation was alternate), 2107.

ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hīe ge-fricgeað frēan ūserne ealdorlēasne, _when they learn that our lord is dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þæt gefricge, þæt..., 1827; pl. syððan æðelingas feorran gefricgean flēam ēowerne, 2890.

friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_: inf. næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan, 2557.

friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca, 2018.

frignan, fringan, frīnan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frīn þū æfter sǣlum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þæs wine Deniga frīnan wille ... ymb þīnne sīð, 351; pret. sg. frægn, 236, 332; frægn gif ..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.

ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frīnan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þæt fram hām gefrægn Higelāces þegn Grendles dǣda, 194; nō ic gefrægn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.) þā ic wīde gefrægn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne gefrægen ic þā mǣgðe māran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sēl gebǣran, _I never heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) wē þēodcyninga þrym gefrūnon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gūðcyning gōdne gefrūnon hringas dǣlan, 1970; (parenthetical) swā guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne) medo-ærn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn ǣfre gefrūnon, 70; pret. part. hæfde Higelāces hilde gefrūnen, 2953; hæfdon gefrūnen þæt..., _had learned that_ ..., 695; hæfde gefrūnen hwanan sīo fǣhð ārās, 2404; healsbēaga mǣst þāra þe ic on foldan gefrægen hæbbe, 1197.

from, See fram.

frōd, adj.: 1) ǣtate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frōd, 2626, 2951; frōd cyning, 1307, 2210; frōd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frōd, 1725, 2115, 2278; se frōda, 2929; ac. sg. frōde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old life_), 2801; dat. sg. frōdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced, wise_: nom. sg. frōd, 1367; frōd and gōd, 279; on mōde frōd, 1845.--Comp.: in-, un-frōd.

frōfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frōfor, 2942; acc. sg. frōfre, 7, 974; fyrena frōfre, 629; frōfre and fultum, 1274; frōfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tō frōfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frōfre, 185.

fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg. wæs se fruma egeslīc lēodum on lande, swā hyt lungre wearð on hyra sincgifan sāre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible, its end distressing through the death of Bēowulf_), 2310.--2) _he who stands first, prince_; in comp. dǣd-, hild-, land-, lēod-, ord-, wīg-fruma.

frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nū ic ēower sceal frumcyn witan, 252.

frum-gār, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgāre (of Bēowulf), 2857.

frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. sē þe cūðe frumsceaft fīra feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his birth, 45.

fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelīcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tō gamene, 2942.

ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. sē wæs innan full wrǣtta and wīra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.

ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.

ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026; ofer ȳða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled with waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfōh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-, sele-full.

fullǣstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þē fullǣstu, 2669.

fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frōfor (frōfre) and fultum, 699, 1274; mægenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp. mægen-fultum.

fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. wē fundiað Higelāc sēcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.

furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þā ic furðum wēold folce Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed the government), 465; þā hīe tō sele furðum ... gangan cwōmon, 323; ic þǣr furðum cwōm tō þām hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þē sceal mīne gelǣstan frēode, swā wit furðum sprǣcon, 1708.

furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.

fūs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nū ic eom sīðes fūs, 1476; lēofra manna fūs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them, 1917; sigel sūðan fūs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun), 1967; se wonna hrefn fūs ofer fǣgum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft ... feðer-gearwum fūs, 3120; nom. pl. wǣron ... eft to lēodum fūse tō farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fūs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fūs and fǣge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ūt-fūs.

fūs-līc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fūs-līc f[yrd]-lēoð, 1425; fyrd-searo fūs-līc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fūs-līcu, 232.

fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þæt hē on fylle wearð, _that he came to a fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrā-fyl.

fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in comp. æl-fylce.

ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fāne gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. fēond gefyldan, _they had slain the enemy_, 2707.

ā-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wæs frēondum āfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.

fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrǣgnod, 1334; gen. sg. næs hīe þǣre fylle gefēan hæfdon, 562; fylle gefǣgon, 1015.--Comp.: wæl-, wist-fyllo.

fyl-wērig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc. sg. fyl-wērigne, 963.

fyr. See feor.

fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þā þe gif-sceattas Gēata fyredon þyder tō þance, 378.

fȳras. See fīras.

fyren. See firen.

fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.

fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_: dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874

fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.

fyrd-hrægl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrægl, 1528.

fyrd-hwæt, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate, 1642, 2477.

fyrd-lēoð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song fūslīc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.

fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu fūslīc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fūslīcu, 232.

fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg. fyrd-wyrðe man (Bēowulf), 1317.

ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part. ār wæs on ofoste, eftsīðes georn, frætwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded Bēowulf), 2785.

fyrmest. See forma.

fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old times_), 1452.

fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fīra fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283, 2287.

fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ōr fyrn-gewinnes (_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.

fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.

fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many years_: dat. sg. frōdan fyrnwitan, of Æschere, 2124.

Elsewhere on the shelf