duguð (_state of being fit, capable_), st. f.: 1) _capability, strength_: dat. pl. for dugeðum, _in ability_(?), 2502; duguðum dēmdon, _praised with all their might_(?), 3176.--2) _men capable of bearing arms, band of warriors_, esp., _noble warriors_: nom. sg. duguð unlȳtel, 498; duguð, 1791, 2255; dat. sg. for duguðe, _before the heroes_, 2021; nalles frætwe geaf ealdor duguðe, _gave the band of heroes no treasure_ (more), 2921; lēoda duguðe on lāst, _upon the track of the heroes of the people_, i.e. after them, 2946; gen. sg. cūðe hē duguðe þēaw, _the custom of the noble warriors_, 359; dēorre duguðe, 488; similarly, 2239, 2659; acc. pl. duguða, 2036.--3) contrasted with geogoð, duguð designates the noted warriors of noble birth (as in the Middle Ages, knights in contrast with squires): so gen. sg. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; gehwylc ... duguðe and iogoðe, 1675; duguðe and geogoðe dǣl ǣghwylcne, 622.
durran, v. pret. and pres. _to dare_; prs. sg. II. þū dearst bīdan, _darest to await_, 527; III. hē gesēcean dear, 685; pres. subj. sēc gyf þū dyrre, _seek_ (Grendel's mother), _if thou dare_, 1380; pret. dorste, 1463, 1469, etc.; pl. dorston, 2849.
duru, st. f., _door, gate, wicket_: nom. sg., 722; acc. sg. [duru], 389.
ge-dūfan, st. v., _to dip in, to sink into_: pret. þæt sweord gedēaf (_the sword sank into the drake_, of a blow), 2701.
þurh-dūfan, _to dive through; to swim through, diving_: pret. wæter up þurh-dēaf, _swam through the water upwards_ (because he was before at the bottom), 1620.
dwellan, w. v., _to mislead, to hinder_: prs. III. nō hine wiht dweleð, ādl nē yldo, _him nothing misleads, neither sickness nor age_, 1736.
dyhtig, adj., _useful, good for_: nom. sg. n. sweord ... ecgum dyhtig, 1288.
dynnan, w. v., _to sound, to groan, to roar_: pret. dryhtsele (healwudu, hrūse) dynede, 768, 1318, 2559.
dyrne, adj.: 1) _concealed, secret, retired_: nom. sg. dyrne, 271; acc. sg. dryhtsele dyrnne (of the drake's cave-hall), 2321.--2) _secret, malicious, hidden by sorcery_: dat. instr. sg. dyrnan cræfte, _with secret magic art_, 2291; dyrnum cræfte, 2169; gen. pl. dyrnra gāsta, _of malicious spirits_ (of Grendel's kin), 1358.--Comp. un-dyrne.
dyrne, adv., _in secret, secretly_: him ...æfter dēorum men dyrne langað, _longs in secret for the dear man_, 1880.
dyrstig, adj., _bold, daring_: þēah þe hē dǣda gehwæs dyrstig wǣre, _although he had been courageous for every deed_, 2839.
ge-dȳgan, ge-dīgan, w. v., _to endure, to overcome_, with the acc. of the thing endured: pres. sg. II. gif þū þæt ellenweorc aldre gedīgest, _if thou survivest the heroic work with thy life_, 662; III. þæt þone hilderǣs hāl gedīgeð, _that he survives the battle in safety_, 300; similarly, inf. unfǣge gedīgan wēan and wræcsīð, 2293; hwæðer sēl mǣge wunde gedȳgan, _which of the two can stand the wounds better_ (come off with life), 2532; ne meahte unbyrnende dēop gedȳgan, _could not endure the deep without burning_ (could not hold out in the deep), 2550; pret. sg. I. III. ge-dīgde, 578, 1656, 2351, 2544.
dȳgol. See dēogol.
dȳre. See dēore.
E
ecg, st. f., _edge of the sword, point_: nom. sg. sweordes ecg, 1107; ecg, 1525, etc.; acc. sg. wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstōd, _defended the entrance against point and edge_ (i.e. against spear and sword), 1550; mēces ecge, 1813; nom. pl. ecge, 1146.--_Sword, battle-axe, any cutting weapon_: nom. sg. ne wæs ecg bona (_not the sword killed him_), 2507; sīo ecg brūn (Bēowulf's sword Nægling), 2578; hyne ecg fornam, _the sword snatched him away_, 2773, etc.; nom. pl. ecga, 2829; dat. pl. æscum and ecgum, 1773; dat. pl. (but denoting only one sword) ēacnum ecgum, 2141; gen. pl. ecga, 483, 806, 1169;--_blade_: ecg wæs īren, 1460.--Comp.: brūn-, heard-, stȳl-ecg, adj.
ecg-bana, w. m., _murderer by the sword_: dat. sg. Cain wearð tō ecg-banan āngan brēðer, 1263.
ecg-hete, st. m., _sword-hate, enmity which the sword carries out_: nom. sg., 84, 1739.
ecg-þracu, st. f., _sword-storm_ (of violent combat): acc. atole ecg-þræce, 597.
ed-hwyrft, st. m., _return_ (of a former condition): þā þǣr sōna wearð edhwyrft eorlum, siððan inne fealh Grendles mōdor (i.e. after Grendel's mother had penetrated into the hall, the former perilous condition, of the time of the visits of Grendel, returned to the men), 1282.
ed-wendan, w. v., _to turn back, to yield, to leave off_: inf. gyf him edwendan ǣfre scolde bealuwa bisigu, _if for him the affliction of evil should ever cease_, 280.
ed-wenden, st. f., _turning, change_: nom. sg. edwenden, 1775; ed-wenden torna gehwylces (_reparation for former neglect_), 2189.
edwīt-līf, st. n., _life in disgrace_: nom. sg., 2892.
efn, adj., _even, like_, with preceding on, and with depend. dat., _upon the same level, near_: him on efn ligeð ealdorgewinna, _lies near him_, 2904.
efnan (see æfnan) w. v., _to carry out, to perform, to accomplish_: pres. subj. eorlscype efne (_accomplish knightly deeds_), 2536; inf. eorlscipe efnan, 2623; sweorda gelāc efnan (_to battle_), 1042; gerund. tō efnanne, 1942; pret. eorlscipe efnde, 2134, 3008.
efne, adv., _even, exactly, precisely, just_, united with swā or swylc: efne swā swīðe swā, _just so much as_, 1093; efne swā sīde swā, 1224; wæs se gryre lǣssa efne swā micle swā, _by so much the less as ..._, 1284; lēoht inne stōd efne swā ... scīneð, _a gleam stood therein_ (in the sword) _just as when ... shines_, 1572; efne swā hwylc mægða swā þone magan cende (_a woman who has borne such a son_), 944; efne swā hwylcum manna swā him gemet þūhte, _to just such a man as seemed good to him_, 3058; efne swylce mǣla swylce ... þearf gesǣlde, _just at the times at which necessity commanded it_, 1250.
efstan, w. v., _to be in haste, to hasten_: inf. uton nū efstan, _let us hurry now_, 3102; pret. efste mid elne, _hastened with heroic strength_, 1494.
eft, adv.: l) _thereupon, afterwards_: 56, 1147, 2112, 3047, etc.; eft sōna bið, _then it happens immediately_, 1763; bōt eft cuman, _help come again_, 281.--2) _again, on the other side_: þæt hine on ylde eft gewunigen wilgesīðas, _that in old age again_ (also on their side) _willing companions should be attached to him_, 22;--_anew, again_: 135, 604, 693, 1557, etc.; eft swā ǣr, _again as formerly_, 643.--3) retro, rursus, _back_: 123, 296, 854, etc.; þæt hig æðelinges eft ne wēndon (_did not believe that he would come back_), 1597.
eft-cyme, st. m., _return_: gen. sg. eftcymes, 2897.
eft-sīð, st. m., _journey back, return_: acc. sg. 1892; gen. sg. eft-sīðes georn, 2784; acc. pl. eftsīðas tēah, _went the road back_, i.e. returned, 1333.
egesa, egsa (_state of terror_, active or passive): l) _frightfulness_: acc. sg. þurh egsan, 276; gen. egesan ne gȳmeð, _cares for nothing terrible, is not troubled about future terrors_(?), 1758.--2) _terror, horror, fear_: nom. sg. egesa, 785; instr. sg. egesan, 1828, 2737.--Comp.: glēd-, līg-, wæter-egesa.
eges-full, adj., _horrible (full of fear, fearful)_, 2930.
eges-līc, adj., _terrible, bringing terror_: of Grendel's head, 1650; of the beginning of the fight with the drake, 2310; of the drake, 2826.
egle, adj., _causing aversion, hideous_: nom. pl. neut., or, more probably, perhaps, adverbial, egle (MS. egl), 988.
egsian (denominative from egesa), w. v., _to have terror, distress_: pret. (as pluperf.) egsode eorl(?), 6.
ehtian, w. v., _to esteem, to make prominent with praise_: III. pl. pres. þæt þē ... weras ehtigað, _that thee men shall esteem, praise_, 1223.
elde (_those who generate_, cf. O.N. al-a, generare), st. m. only in the pl., _men_: dat. pl. eldum, 2215; mid eldum, _among men_, 2612.--See ylde.
eldo, st. f., _age_: instr. sg. eldo gebunden, 2112.
el-land, st. n., _foreign land, exile_: acc. sg. sceall ... elland tredan, (_shall be banished_), 3020.
ellen, st. n., _strength, heroic strength, bravery_: nom. sg. ellen, 573; eafoð and ellen, 903; Gēata ... eafoð and ellen, 603; acc. sg. eafoð and ellen, 2350; ellen cȳðan, _show bravery_, 2696; ellen fremedon, _exercised heroic strength, did heroic deeds_, 3; similarly, ic gefremman sceal eorlīc ellen, 638; ferh ellen wræc, _life drove out the strength_, i.e. with the departing life (of the dragon) his strength left him, 2707; dat. sg. on elne, 2507, 2817; as instr. þā wæs æt þām geongum grim andswaru ēðbegēte þām þe ǣr his elne forlēas, _then it was easy for_ (every one of) _those who before had lost his hero-courage, to obtain rough words from the young man_ (Wīglāf), 2862; mid elne, 1494, 2536; elne, alone, in adverbial sense, _strongly, zealously_, and with the nearly related meaning, _hurriedly, transiently_, 894, 1098, 1968, 2677, 2918; gen. sg. elnes læt, 1530; þā him wæs elnes þearf, 2877.--Comp. mægen-ellen.
ellen-dǣd, st. f., _heroic deed_: dat. pl. -dǣdum, 877, 901.
ellen-gǣst, st. m., _strength-spirit, demon with heroic strength_: nom. sg. of Grendel, 86.
ellen-līce, adv., _strongly, with heroic strength_, 2123.
ellen-mǣrðu, st. f., _renown of heroic strength_, dat. pl. -mǣrðum, 829, 1472.
ellen-rōf, adj., _renowned for strength_: nom. sg. 340, 358, 3064; dat. pl. -rōfum, 1788.