and, conj. (ond is usual form; for example, 601, 1149, 2041), and 33, 39, 40, etc. (See Appendix.)
anda, w. m., _excitement, vexation, horror_: dat. wrāðum on andan, 709, 2315.
and-git, st. n., _insight, understanding_: nom. sg., 1060. See gitan.
and-hātor, st. m. n., _heat coming against one_: gen. sg. rēðes and-hāttres, 2524.
and-lang, -long, adj., _very long._ hence 1) _at whole length, raised up high_: acc. andlongne eorl, 2696 (cf. Bugge upon this point, Zachers Ztschr., 4, 217).--2) _continual, entire_; andlangne dæg, 2116, _the whole day_; andlonge niht, 2939.
and-lēan, st. n., _reward, payment in full_: acc. sg., 1542, 2095 (hand-, hond-lean, MS.).
and-risno, st. f. (see rīsan, surgere, decere), _that which is to be observed, that which is proper, etiquette_: dat. pl. for andrysnum, _according to etiquette_, 1797.
and-saca, w. m., _adversary_: godes andsaca (Grendel), 787, 1683.
and-slyht, st. m., _blow in return_: acc. sg., 2930, 2973 (MS. both times hond-slyht).
and-swaru, st. f., _act of accosting_: 1) to persons coming up, _an address_, 2861.--2) in reply to something said, _an answer_, 354, 1494, 1841.
and-weard, adj., _present, existing_: acc. sg. n. swīn ofer helme and-weard (_the image of the boar, which stands on his helm_), 1288.
and-wlita, w. m., _countenance_: acc. sg. -an, 690.
an-sund, adj., _entirely unharmed_: nom. sg. m., 1001.
an-sȳn, f., _the state of being seen_: hence 1) _the exterior, the form_, 251: ansȳn ȳwde, _showed his form_, i.e. appeared, 2835.--2) _aspect, appearance_, 929; on-sȳn, 2773.
an-walda, w. m., _He who rules over all, God_, 1273. See Note.
atelīc, adj., _terrible, dreadful_: atelīc egesa, 785.
atol, adj. (also eatol, 2075, etc.), _hostile, frightful, cruel_: of Grendel, 159, 165, 593, 2075, etc.; of Grendel's mother's hands (dat. pl. atolan), 1503; of the undulation of the waves, 849; of battle, 597, 2479.--cf. O.N. atall, fortis, strenuus.
attor, st. n., _poison_, here of the poison of the dragon's bite: nom., 2716.
attor-sceaða, w. m., _poisonous enemy, of the poisonous dragon_: gen. sg. -sceaðan, 2840.
āwa, adv. (certainly not the dative, but a reduplicated form of ā, which see), _ever_: āwa tō aldre, _fōr ever and ever_, 956.
Ā
ā, adv. (Goth, áiv, acc. from aiv-s aevum), _ever, always_, 455, 882, 931, 1479: ā syððan, _ever afterwards, ever, ever after_, 283, 2921.--_ever_, 780.--Comp. nā.
ād st. m. _funeral pile_: acc. sg. ād, 3139; dat. sg. āde, 1111, 1115.
ād-faru, st. f., _way to the funeral pile_, dat. sg. on ād-fære, 3011.
ādl, st. f. _sickness_, 1737, 1764, 1849.
āð, st. m., _oath in general_, 2740; _oath of allegiance_, 472 (?); _oath of reconciliation of two warring peoples_, 1098, 1108.
āð-sweord, st. n., _the solemn taking of an oath, the swearing of an oath_: nom. pl., 2065. See sweord.
āðum-swerian, m. pl., _son-in-law and father-in-law_: dat. pl., 84.
āgan, verb, pret. and pres., _to have, to possess_, w. acc.: III. prs. sg. āh, 1728; inf. āgan, 1089; prt. āhte, 487, 522, 533; with object, geweald, to be supplied, 31. Form contracted with the negative: prs. sg. I. nāh hwā sweord wege (_I have no one to wield the sword_), 2253.
āgen, adj., _own, peculiar_, 2677.
āgend (prs. part. of āgan), _possessor, owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgendes, _of God_, 3076.--Compounds: blǣd-, bold-, folc-, mægen-āgend.
āgend-frēa, w. m., _owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgend-frēan, 1884.
āhsian, ge-āhsian, w. v.: 1) _to examine, to find out by inquiring_: pret. part. ge-āhsod, 433.--2) _to experience, to endure_: pret. āhsode, 1207; pl. āhsodon, 423.
āht, st. n. (contracted from ā-wiht, which see), _something, anything_: āht cwices, 2315.
ān, num. The meaning of this word betrays its apparent demonstrative character: 1) _this, that_, 2411, of the hall in the earth mentioned before; similarly, 100 (of Grendel; already mentioned), cf. also 2775.--2) _one_, a particular one among many, a single one, in numerical sense: ymb āne niht (_the next night_), 135; þurh ānes cræft, 700; þāra ānum, 1038; ān æfter ānum, _one for the other_ (Hrēðel for Herebeald), 2462: similarly, ān æfter eallum, 2269; ānes hwæt, _some single thing, a part_, 3011; se ān lēoda duguðe, _the one of the heroes of the people_, 2238; ānes willan, _for the sake of a single one_, 3078, etc.--Hence, again, 3) _alone, distinguished_, 1459, 1886.--4) _a_, in the sense of an indefinite article: ān ... fēond, 100; gen. sg. ānre bēne (or to No.2[?]), 428; ān ... draca, 2211--5) gen. pl. ānra, in connection with a pronoun, _single_; ānra gehwylces, _every single one_, 733; ānra gehwylcum, 785. Similarly, the dat. pl. in this sense: nemne fēaum ānum, _except a few single ones_, 1082.--6) solus, _alone_: in the strong form, 1378, 2965; in the weak form, 145, 425, 431, 889, etc.; with the gen., āna Gēata duguðe, _alone of the warriors of the Gēatas_, 2658.--7) solitarius, _alone, lonely_, see ǣn.--Comp. nān.
ān-feald, adj., _simple, plain, without reserve_: acc. sg. ānfealdne geþōht, _simple opinion_, 256.
ān-genga, -gengea, w. m., _he who goes alone_, of Grendel, 165, 449.
ān-haga, w. m., _he who stands alone_, solitarius, 2369.
ān-hȳdig, adj. (like the O.N. ein-rād-r, _of one resolve_, i.e. of firm resolve), _of one opinion_, i.e. firm, brave, decided, 2668.
ānga, adj. (only in the weak form), _single, only_: acc. sg. āngan dōhtor, 375, 2998; āngan eaferan, 1548; dat. sg. āngan brēðer, 1263.
ān-pæð, st. m., _lonely way, path_: acc. pl. ānpaðas, 1411.
ān-rǣd, adj. (cf. under ān-hȳdig), _of firm resolution, resolved_, 1530, 1576.
ān-tīd, st. f., _one time_, i.e. the same time, ymb ān-tīd ōðres dōgores, _about the same time the second day_ (they sailed twenty-four hours), 219.--ān stands as in ān-mod, O.H.G. ein-muoti, _harmonious, of the same disposition_.
ānunga, adv., _throughout, entirely, wholly_, 635.
ār, st. m., _ambassador, messenger_, 336, 2784.
ār, st. f., 1) _honor, dignity_: ārum healdan, _to hold in honor_, 296; similarly, 1100, 1183.--2) _favor, grace, support_: acc. sg. āre, 1273, 2607; dat. sg. āre, 2379; gen. pl. hwæt ... ārna, 1188.--Comp. worold-ār; also written ǣr.
ār-fæst, adj., _honorable, upright_, 1169; of Hunferð (with reference to 588). See fæst.
ārian, w. v., (_to be gracious_), _to spare_: III. sg. prs. w. dat. nǣnegum ārað; of Grendel, 599.
ār-stæf, st. m.,(elementum honoris), _grace, favor_: dat. pl. mid ārstafum, 317.--_Help, support_: dat. pl. for ār-stafum, _to the assistance_, 382, 458. See stæf.
āter-tēar, m., _poisonous drop_: dat. pl. īren āter-tēarum fāh (steel which is dipped in poison or in poisonous sap of plants), 1460.
Æ
æðele, adj., _noble_: nom. sg., of Bēowulf, 198, 1313; of Bēowulf's father, 263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical sense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. æðelan cynnes, 2235.
æðeling, st. m., _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the appellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of Scyld, 33; of Hrōðgār, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Bēowulf, 1226, 1245, 1597, 1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of Dæghrefn, 2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men: Æschere, 1295; Hrōðgār's courtiers, 118, 983; Heremōd's courtiers, 907; Hengest's warriors, 1113; Bēowulf's retinue, 1805, 1921, 3172; noble-born in general, 2889. --Comp. sib-æðeling.
æðelu, st. n., only in the pl., _noble descent, nobility_, in the sense of noble lineage: acc. pl. æðelu, 392; dat. pl. cyning æðelum gōd, _the king, of noble birth_, 1871; æðelum dīore, _worthy on account of noble lineage_, 1950; æðelum (hǣleþum, MS.), 332.--Comp. fæder-æðelu.
æfnan, w. v. w. acc., _to perform, to carry out, to accomplish_: inf. ellen-weorc æfnan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1465; pret. unriht æfnde, _perpetrated wrong_, 1255.
ge-æfnan, 1) _to carry out, to do, to accomplish_: pret. pl. þæt geæfndon swā, _so carried that out_, 538; pret. part. āð wæs geæfned, _the oath was sworn_, 1108.--2) _get ready, prepare_: pret. part. geæfned, 3107. See efnan.
æfter (comparative of af, Ags. of, which see; hence it expresses the idea of _forth, away, from, back_), a) adv., _thereupon, afterwards_, 12, 341, 1390, 2155.--ic him æfter sceal, _I shall go after them_, 2817; in word æfter cwæð, 315, the sense seems to be, _spoke back, having turned_; b) prep. w. dat., 1) (temporal) _after_, 119, 128, 187, 825, 1939, etc.; æfter beorne, _after the_ (death of) _the hero_, 2261, so 2262; æfter māððum-welan, _after_ (obtaining) _the treasure_, 2751.--2) (causal) as proceeding from something, denoting result and purpose, hence, _in consequence of, conformably to_: æfter rihte, _in accordance with right_, 1050, 2111; æfter faroðe, _with the current_, 580; so 1321, 1721, 1944, 2180, etc., æfter heaðo-swāte, _in consequence of the blood of battle_, 1607; æfter wælnīðe, _in consequence of mortal enmity_, 85; _in accordance with, on account of, after, about_: æfter æðelum (hǣleþum, MS.)frægn, _asked about the descent_, 332; ne frīn þū æfter sǣlum, _ask not after my welfare_, 1323; æfter sincgyfan grēoteð, _weeps for the giver of treasure_, 1343; him æfter dēorum men dyrne langað, _longs in secret for the dear man_, 1880; ān æfter ānum, _one for the other_, 2462, etc.--3) (local), _along_: æfter gumcynnum, _throughout the races of men, among men_, 945; sōhte bed æfter būrum, _sought a bed among the rooms of the castle_ (the castle was fortified, the hall was not), 140; æfter recede wlāt, _looked along the hall_, 1573; stone æfter stāne, _smelt along the rocks_, 2289; æfter lyfte, _along the air through the air_, 2833; similarly, 996, 1068, 1317, etc.