The Awakening of the American Mind--1763-1783
I. Imperial Sovereignty and Home Rule
I. Background Facts: Causes of the Revolution obscure. Home rule and imperial centralization. Native liberalism. Three areas and three diverse interests. The imperial problem. Grievances of merchants, planters, yeomanry 179
II. Argument and Propaganda: American case based on the British Constitution; on natural rights. Theories of representation, English and colonial. Powers of Parliament. Natural rights and Locke--reasons for his appeal 186
III. Certain Social Consequences: Emergence of republicanism. Attitude of upper class. Expulsion of Loyalists. Influence on American culture. Rise of middle class; political centralization 190
II. The Mind of the American Tory
I. Thomas Hutchinson--Royal Governor: The House of Hutchinson. Character and intellectual attainments. Insincerity of the Tory philosophy. Situation on his accession to the governorship. Prerogative and democracy. Proposals for remodeling Massachusetts government. The Town Meeting. Affair of the letters. The problem of sovereignty. Government by ministerial instructions. Comment on his enemies. His failure 194
II. Daniel Leonard--Tory Lawyer: Character. _Massachusettensis._ A follower of Hobbes--the leviathan state. The sin of rebellion and the law of treason. Groundlessness of American sedition--the virus of republicanism. On the right of revolution 207
III. Jonathan Boucher--Tory Priest: Character. _A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution._ Influence of Filmer’s _Patriarcha_. Doctrine of obedience. Evil effects of republicanism. Government a divine institution--the patriarchal nature of kingship. An extreme Tory 214
III. John Dickinson--The Mind of the American Whig--A moderate--spokesman of the colonial Whigs. Essence of Whiggery--the rule of property. His social position; conception of political stewardship. A constitutional lawyer. Accepted parliamentary sovereignty, right to regulate trade. Taxation and Whiggery--a tax and an imposition. Not a republican. His _Two Letters on the Tea Tax_. In the Constitutional Convention. _Letters of Fabius._ His views old-fashioned 219
IV. Samuel Adams--The Mind of the American Democrat--An agitator and practical politician. Member of the opposition. Advocate of home rule. Understood the ways of Tory government. Master of political theory. Three lines of argument: natural rights, constitutional rights, the charter compact. Influence of Locke, of Coke. Reliance on public opinion. Use of publicity, organization, town meetings. Newspaper articles. Motive of attacks on royal officials. Faith in the people. A democrat. The cost in reputation 233
V. Literary Echoes
I. The Whig Satirists
1. John Trumbull: A lover of _belles lettres_ drawn into the strife. _M’Fingal._ The note of humor. A potential intellectual; a moderate liberal. An echo of Connecticut opinion 248
2. Francis Hopkinson, Esq.: The state of Philadelphia culture. A dilettante. A potential Tory turned Whig. _The New Roof; Objections to the Proposed Plan of a Federal Government._ A Federalist 252
II. The Tory Satirists
1. Jonathan Odell: A bitter nature. His satires--an embodiment of class prejudice. _The American Times._ Estimate of Whig leaders 255
2. Samuel Peters: His curious ambition. His _History of Connecticut_. Explanation of the cause of the Revolution--ministerial neglect. The cure--establishment of a colonial aristocracy 259
Book III: Liberalism and the Constitution