AYLMER, SIR ARTHUR PERCY, 12 Baronet. _b._ 31 Aug. 1801; ed. at Trin. coll. Dublin, B.A. 1823, M.A. 1826; student L.I. _d._ Cork 7 May 1885.
AYLMER, THOMAS BRABAZON. Ensign 20 foot 9 Aug. 1797; major 9 foot 4 Sep. 1807 to 25 Feb. 1816 when placed on h.p.; general 25 Sep. 1856; colonel 45 foot 25 Sep. 1856 to death. _d._ Worthing 19 July 1858 aged 76.
AYLWARD, WILLIAM. A student at R.A. of Music, gained a King’s scholarship; professor of violoncello there; member of Philharmonic society and of Royal Italian opera band; taught music at Slough. _d._ 12 March 1878.
AYRE, REV. JOHN. _b._ Feb. 1801; ed. at Caius coll. Cam., B.A. 1823, M.A. 1827; Incumbent of St. John’s chapel, Downshire hill Hampstead; dom. chap. to Earl of Roden; general secretary and librarian of Parker Society 1840–53; edited for Parker Society _Sermons of Edwin Sandys, archbishop of York_ 1841; _Works of Thomas Becon 3 vols._ 1843–44; _Works of John Jewel, bishop of Salisbury 4 vols._ 1845–50; _Works of John Whitgift, archbishop of Canterbury 3 vols._ 1851–53; author of _Treasury of Bible knowledge_ 1866. _d._ Church row, Hampstead 20 May 1869.
AYRE, JOSEPH. _b._ Lynn, Norfolk 1781; sent to sea 1800; studied medicine at Guy’s hospital and Univ. of Edin.; M.D. 24 June 1807; practised at Hull 1808–24, in London 1824–31, and at Hull again 1831 to death; L.R.C.P. 1824, F.R.C.P. 1859; author of _Practical observations on bilious complaint_ 1821; _Researches into the nature and treatment of dropsy_ 1825. _d._ Hull 15 Jany. 1860.
AYRES, JOHN. _b._ 1807; clerk of the Royal Society of Literature more than 30 years. _d._ 4 St. Martin’s place, London 9 July 1881.
AYRES, PHILIP BURNARD. _b._ Thame, Oxon 12 Dec. 1813; entered Univ. college London Oct. 1833; L.S.A. 1836, M.R.C.S. 25 April 1836; M.D. London 9 Dec. 1841 where he won 7 medals; practised nearly 10 years at Thame; lecturer on chemistry at Charing Cross hospital; phys. to Islington dispensary 1851; edited _Pharmaceutical Times_; patented a method of utilising sewage as manure 1847; superintendent of quarantine in Mauritius 5 Jany. 1856 to death. _d._ Champ de Mars, Port Louis, Mauritius 30 April 1863.
NOTE.—His widow presented his herbarium of Mauritius plants to royal gardens at Kew.
AYRIS, HENRY. _b._ 12 Dec. 1805; whipper-in to the Berkeley hounds 1826; huntsman of same pack down to Dec. 1865, when presented with a purse of 500 guineas, and granted an annuity of £100 by Lord Fitzhardinge; the best huntsman of his day. _d._ Ham near Berkeley 28 April 1874.
AYRTON, EDWARD NUGENT. _b._ Richmond, Surrey 1815; ed. at Ealing and Trin. coll. Cam., B.A. 1836, M.A. 1840; barrister L.I. 20 Nov. 1845; wrote in the Law Times. _d._ Bexhill, Sussex 28 Nov. 1873.
AYRTON, FREDERICK (_elder brother of preceding_.) _b._ London 20 March 1812; ed. at Ealing and Addiscombe; 2 lieut. Bombay artillery 1828; captain June 1843 to 11 Sep. 1843, when he retired on a pension; barrister M.T. 30 Jany. 1846; sec. to Abbas Pasha viceroy of Egypt 1851 to 13 July 1854 when he died, educated Ilhami Pasha his only son, sec. to him 1854 to his death 1861; A.I.C.E. 9 June 1835; received title of Bey from the Khedive. _d._ Arundel gardens, Notting hill London 20 June 1873. _Min. of proc. of Instit. of C.E. xxxviii_, 306–308 (1874).
NOTE.—He formed a magnificent collection of Arabic calligraphs and MSS. which he bequeathed to the nation, but unfortunately the conditions with which the bequest was accompanied, prevented the Trustees of the British Museum accepting it.
AYRTON, MATILDA (_dau. of Mr. Chaplin._) _b._ Honfleur 1846; passed preliminary examination at the Apothecaries’ Hall 1869 but was refused admission to the later examination on ground of her sex; matriculated at Univ. of Edin.; completed her education at Paris; lived in Japan 1873–77; taught midwifery to a class of Japanese women; M.D. Paris Dec. 1879; a licentiate of the King and Queen’s College of Physicians in Ireland, when she came out first in the examination; author of _Child life in Japan_ 1879; contributed many articles to periodicals. (_m._ 1872 Wm. Edward Ayrton professor in Imperial college of engineering, Japan). _d._ Sloane st. London 19 July 1883. _The Englishwoman’s Review 15 Aug. 1883._
AYRTON, WILLIAM (_younger son of Edmund Ayrton 1734–1808, Master of the chapel royal to George iii_). _b._ London 22 Feb. 1777; Captain in Queen’s royal volunteers Westminster; musical and literary critic of the _Morning Chronicle_ 1813–1826; chief originator of Philharmonic society 1813; manager of Opera house London 1817 and 1821; produced Mozart’s Don Giovanni for first time in England 12 April 1817; edited and wrote much in the _Harmonicon_ 1823–33; wrote the musical articles in the _Penny Cyclopædia_ 1833–44; edited the _Sacred Minstrelsy_ 1834–35 and the _Musical library_ 1834–36; one of the original members of Royal institution and of the Athenæum club; F.R.S. 1 June 1837; _d._ 9 Bridge st. Westminster 8 May 1858.
AYRTON, WILLIAM SCROPE (_only son of the preceding_). _b._ 28 April 1804; ed. at Loughborough house school; barrister M.T. 26 Nov. 1830; a registrar of Court of Bankruptcy Aug. 1838 to July 1847; comr. of Leeds district Court of Bankruptcy 5 July 1847 to 31 Dec. 1869 when granted sum of £1800 on abolition of his office; F.S.A. 21 May 1840; author with Basil Montagu of _Reports of cases in Bankruptcy 3 vols._ 1834–39 and of _The law and practice in Bankruptcy 2 vols._ 1837. _d._ Cliffden, Saltburn-by-the-Sea 3 May 1885.
AYSCOUGH, JOHN (_son of John Ayscough, Capt. R.N._) _b._ on board H.M.S. “Swan” during an action on the way from North America 1775; captain R.N. 18 April 1806; protected Sicily against invasion of Joachim Murat 1810; superintended the ordinary at Plymouth 1822–25; Comr. of dockyards at Jamaica and Bermuda; admiral 3 Oct. 1855; awarded good service pension, _d._ Norwood, Surrey 2 Dec. 1863. _O’Byrne_ (1861) 33–34.
AYTOUN, ROBERT. _b._ Edinburgh 1799; ed. at Univ. of Edin.; a writer to the Signet; member of Royal Scottish society of arts 1826; read many papers; A.I.C.E. 1839; invented a safety cage for mines exhibited at great exhibition 1862. _d._ 9 Sep. 1876.
AYTOUN, WILLIAM EDMONDSTOUNE. _b._ 21 Abercromby place, Edin. 21 June 1813; ed. at academy and univ. of Edin.; M.A. 1849; a writer to the Signet 1835; an advocate 1840; on the staff of Blackwood’s magazine 1839 to death, contributed more than 120 articles; professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in Univ. of Edin. 22 Oct. 1845 to 1864, during which time he raised number of students from 30 to 1850; sheriff of Orkney and Zetland 29 May 1852; delivered 6 lectures on poetry and dramatic literature at Willis’s Rooms, London 1853; presided at Burns centenary festival at Ayr 25 Jany. 1859; hon. pres. of associated societies of Univ. of Edin. 1860; author of _Poland, Homer and other poems_ [_anon._] 1832; _Lays of the Scottish cavaliers and other poems_ 1848, _29 ed._ 1883; _Firmilian or the student of Badajoz, a spasmodic tragedy by T. Percy Jones_ [_pseud._] 1854; _Bon Gaultier ballads_ (with T. Martin) 1855, _13 ed._ 1877; _Bothwell, a poem in six parts_ 1856; edited _The ballads of Scotland 2 vols._ 1858, 4 ed. 1870. _d._ Blackhills near Elgin 4 Aug. 1865. _Theodore Martin’s Memoir of W. E. Aytoun_ 1867, _portrait_; _Crombie’s Modern Athenians_ 1882, _portrait_.
B
BABBAGE, BENJAMIN HERSCHELL (_eld. son of the succeeding_). Geologist of colony of South Australia; examined the country north and east of Adelaide for gold 1856; commanded an exploring party sent by Parliament of South Australia to Lake Torrens Feb. 1858 to 5 Nov. 1858. _d._ Adelaide 22 Oct. 1878 aged 63. _W. Howitt’s History of discovery ii_, 311–24 (1865); _Rev. J. E. T. Wood’s History of discovery ii_, 260–79 (1865).
BABBAGE, CHARLES (_son of Benjamin Babbage of London, banker_). _b._ near Teignmouth, Devon 26 Dec. 1792; ed. at Enfield and Trinity and Peterhouse colleges Cam., B.A. 1814, M.A. 1817; F.R.S. 14 March 1816; a founder of Royal Astronomical Society 1820, one of its secs. 1820–24, vice pres., foreign sec and member of council successively; began his calculating machine 1823, suspended its construction 1833, after spending on it about £6,000 besides £17,000 granted him by Government; Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge 1828–39 but delivered no lectures; a founder of British Association 1831, a trustee 1832–38, originated the statistical section at Cambridge meeting 1833; contested Finsbury as a radical Dec. 1832 and June 1834; chief founder of Statistical Society 15 March 1834, chairman 1835; author of _Table of logarithms of the natural numbers from 1 to 108,000_, 1827; _The decline of science in England_ 1830; _On the economy of manufactures_ 1832, _4 ed._ 1835; _The ninth Bridgewater treatise_ 1837, _2 ed._ 1838. _d._ 1 Dorset st. Portman sq. 18 Oct. 1871. _Babbage’s Passages from the life of a philosopher_ 1864; _Monthly notices of R. Astronom. soc. xxxii_, 101–109 (1872); _C. R. Weld’s History of royal society ii_, 369–91 (1848); _Edinburgh Review lix_, 263–327 (1834); _Journal of statistical soc. xxxiv_, 411–15 (1871); _I.L.N. lix_, 423 (1871), _portrait_; _Graphic iv_, 495 (1871), _portrait_.