[357] From a play of Eupolis called "The Flatterers." Cf. Terence, "Eunuchus," 489-491.
[358] See Athenaeus, 256 D. Compare also Valerius Maximus, ix. 1.
[359] "Videatur Casaubonus ad Athenaeum, vi. p. 243 A."--_Wyttenbach._
[360] "Republic," p. 361 A.
[361] See Herodotus, iii. 78.
[362] See Erasmus, "Adagia," p. 1883.
[363] "Proverbium etiam a Cicerone laudatum 'De Amicitia,' cap. vi.: Itaque non aqua, non igne, ut aiunt, pluribus locis utimur, quam amicitia. Notavit etiam Erasmus 'Adag.' p. 112."--_Wyttenbach._
[364] Compare Sallust, "De Catilinae Conjuratione," cap. xx.: "Nam idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est."
[365] "Proverbiale, quo utitur Plutarchus in Alcibiade, p. 203 D. Iambus Tragici esse videtur, ad Neoptolemum dictus."--_Wyttenbach._
[366] As the polypus, or chameleon.
[367] Plato, "Phaedrus," p. 239 D.
[368] Wyttenbach compares Juvenal, iii. 100-108.
[369] See my note "On Abundance of Friends," Sec. ix. Wyttenbach well points out the felicity of the expression here, "siquidem parasitus est [Greek: aoikos kai anestios]."
[370] Euripides, "Hippolytus," 219, 218. Cf. Ovid, "Heroides," iv. 41, 42.
[371] Compare "How one may be aware of one's progress in virtue," Sec. x. Cf. also Horace, "Satires," ii. iii. 35; Quintilian, xi. 1.
[372] "Odyssey," xxii. 1.
[373] The demagogue is a kind of flatterer. See Aristotle, "Pol." iv. 4.
[374] Cf. Aristophanes, "Acharnians," 153, [Greek: hoper machimotaton thrakon ethnos].
[375] Plato was somewhat of a traveller, he three times visited Syracuse, and also travelled in Egypt.
[376] As to the polypus, see "On Abundance of Friends," Sec. ix.
[377] As "Fumum et opes _strepitumque_ Romae."--Horace, "Odes," iii. 29. 12.
[378] Homer, "Odyssey," xvi. 181.
[379] Sophocles, "Antigone," 523.
[380] As to these traits in Plato and Aristotle, compare "De Audiendis Poetis," Sec. viii. And as to Alexander, Plutarch tells us in his Life that he used to hold his head a little to the left, "Life," p. 666 B. See also "De Alexandri Fortuna aut Virtute," Sec. ii.
[381] "De Chamaeleonte Aristoteles 'Hist. Animal.' i. 11; 'Part. Animal.' iv. 11; Theophrastus Eclog. ap. Photium edit. Aristot. Sylburg. T. viii. p. 329: [Greek: metaballei de ho chamaileon eis panta ta chromata; plen ten eis to leukon kai to eruthron ou dechetai metabolen.] Similiter Plinius 'Hist. Nat.' viii. 51."--_Wyttenbach._
[382] See Athenaeus, 249 F; 435 E.
[383] Cf. Juv. iii. 113; "Scire volunt secreta domus, atque inde timeri."
[384] Cf. Menander apud Stob. p. 437: [Greek: Ta deuter aiei ten gynaika dei legein, Ten d' egemonian ton olon ton andr' echein].
[385] As Lord Stowell used to say that "dinners lubricated business."
[386] Homer, "Iliad," xi. 643.
[387] Homer, "Odyssey," iv. 178, 179.
[388] Perhaps the poley-germander. See Pliny, "Nat. Hist," xxi. 84. The line is from Nicander Theriac. 64.
[389] "Iliad," viii. 281, 282.
[390] "Iliad," x. 243.
[391] "Iliad," vii. 109, 110.
[392] Xenophon, "Agesilaus," xi. 5. p. 673 C.
[393] To filch the grain from the bin or granary would not of course be so important a theft as to steal the seed-stock preserved for sowing. So probably Cato, "De Re Rustica," v. Sec. iv.: "Segetem ne defrudet," sc. villicus.
[394] Thucydides, iii. 82.
[395] Plato, "Republic," v. p. 474 E. Compare also Lucretius, iv. 1160-1170; Horace, "Satires," i. 3. 38 sq.
[396] This Ptolemy was a votary of Cybele, and a spiritual ancestor of General Booth. The worship of Cybele is well described by Lucretius, ii. 598-643.
[397] This was Ptolemy Auletes, as the former was Ptolemy Philopator.
[398] See Suetonius, "Nero," ch. 21.
[399] "Plerumque _minuta voce cantillare_."--_Wyttenbach._ What Milton would have called "a lean and flashy song."
[400] Naso suspendit adunco, as Horace, "Sat." i. 6. 5.
[401] See Athenaeus, p. 434 C.
[402] As Gnatho in Terence, "Eunuch." 496-498.
[403] Reading [Greek: Helon], as Courier, Hercher.
[404] "Iliad," x. 249. They are words of Odysseus.
[405] This was carrying flattery rather far. "Mithridatis medicinae scientia multis memorata veterum."--_Wyttenbach._
[406] Euripides, "Alcestis," 1159.
[407] Our author gives this definition to Simonides, "De Gloria Atheniensium," Sec. iii.
[408] So our author again, "On Contentedness of Mind," Sec. xii.
[409] See Herodotus, i. 30, 33; Juvenal, x. 274, 275; and Pausanias, ii. 20.
[410] "Nobile Stoae Paradoxum. Cicero Fin. iii. 22, ex persona Catonis. Horatius ridet Epistol. i. 1. 106-108. Ad summam sapiens uno minor est Jove: dives, Liber, honoratus, pulcher, rex denique regum; Praecipue sanus, nisi quum pituita molesta est."--_Wyttenbach._
[411] See also "On Contentedness of Mind," Sec. xii.
[412] Homer, "Iliad," xvi. 141. See the context also from 130 sq.
[413] Our author has used this illustration again in "Phocion," p. 742 B.
[414] Namely in Sec. xxvii. where [Greek: parrhesia] is discussed.
[415] Contrary to the severe training he ought to undergo, well expressed by Horace, "De Arte Poetica," 412-414.
[416] Reading with Hercher [Greek: apotympanizontos kai streblountos]. This was Ptolemy Physcon.
[417] "Unus ex Alexandri adulatoribus: memoratus Curtio viii. 5, 6."--_Wyttenbach._
[418] A common proverb among the ancients. See "Conjugal Precepts," Sec. xl.; Erasmus, "Adagia," pp. 1222, 1838.
[419] A line out of AEschylus' "Myrmidons." Quoted again by our author, "Of Love," Sec. V.
[420] Cleopatra.
[421] Homer, "Odyssey," x. 329. They are the words of Circe to Odysseus. But the line was suspected even by old grammarians, and is put in brackets in modern editions of the "Odyssey."
[422] See Lucretius, iv. 1079-1085.
[423] So Pliny, "Hist. Nat." xxv. 95: "Remedio est (cicutae), priusquam perveniat ad vitalia, vini natura excalfactoria: sed in vino pota irremediabilis existimatur."
[424] Assigned to Pittacus by our author, "Septem Sapientum Convivium," Sec. ii.
[425] So Wyttenbach, who reads [Greek: enstaseis], and translates, "et libertate loquendi in nobis reprehendendis utitur, quando nos cupiditatibus morbisque animi nostri non indulgere, sed resistere, volumus."
[426] "Phoenissae," 469-472.
[427] Like Juvenal's "Graeculus esuriens in caelum, jusseris, ibit."--Juvenal, iii, 78.
[428] These are two successive lines found three times in Homer, "Iliad," xiv. 195, 196; xviii. 426, 427; "Odyssey," v. 89, 90. The two lines are in each case spoken by one person.
[429] Probably lines from "The Flatterer" of Menander.
[430] From the "Ino" of Euripides.
[431] From the "Erechtheus" of Euripides.
[432] We know from Athenaeus, p. 420 D, that Apelles and Arcesilaus were friends.
[433] An allusion to Hesiod, "Works and Days," 235. Cf. Horace, "Odes," iv. 5. 23.
[434] See the beautiful story of Baucis and Philemon, Ovid, "Metamorphoses," viii. 626-724: "Cura pii dis sunt, et qui coluere coluntur."
[435] Compare Terence, "Andria," 43, 44. So too Seneca, "De Beneficiis," ii. 10: "Haec enim beneficii inter duos lex est: alter statim oblivisci debet dati, alter accepti nunquam. Lacerat animum et premit frequens meritorum commemoratio."
[436] A similar story about the Samians and Lacedaemonians is told by Aristotle, "Oeconom." ii. 9.
[437] A line from Euripides, "Iphigenia in Aulis," 407.
[438] Also in "Conjugal Precepts," Sec. xxix.
[439] See Persius, iii. 21, 22, with Jahn's Note.
[440] See "On Love," Sec. xxi.
[441] "Auri plumbique oppositio fere proverbialis est. Petronius, 'Satyricon,' 43. Plane fortunae filius: in manu illius plumbum aureum fiebat."--_Wyttenbach._ The passage about the Lydian chariot is said to be by Pindar in our author, "Nicias," p. 523 D.
[442] Wyttenbach compares Seneca, "Epist." cxxiii. p. 495: "Horum sermo multum nocet: nam etiamsi non statim officit, semina in animo relinquit, sequiturque nos etiam cum ab illis discesserimus, resurrecturum postea malum."
[443] Compare Cicero, "De Amicitia," xxvi.: "Assentatio, quamvis perniciosa sit, nocere tamen nemini potest, nisi ei, qui eam recipit atque ea delectatur. Ita fit, ut is assentatoribus patefaciat aures suas maxime, qui ipse sibi assentetur et se maxime ipse delectet."
[444] Compare Sec. i.
[445] Compare our Author, "Quaestiones Convivalium," viii. p. 717 F.
[446] So Horace, "Satires," i. 2, 24: "Dum vitant stulti vitia in contraria currunt."
[447] Homer, "Iliad," xiv. 84, 85.
[448] Compare Cicero, "De Officiis," i. 25: "Omnis autem animadversio et castigatio contumelia vacare debet: neque ad ejus, qui punitur aliquem aut verbis fatigat, sed ad reipublicae utilitatem referri."