[62] The allusion is to Plato's "Phaedrus," p. 230, B. Much, indeed, of the subject-matter here is, we shall find, somewhat similar to that of the Phaedrus.
[63] It is difficult to know what the best English word here is. From the sly thrust in Sec. ix. Pisias was evidently grey. I have therefore selected the word _gravest_. But _the most austere_, _the most sensible_, _the most solid_, _the most sedate_, all might express the Greek word also. Let the reader take which he likes best.
[64] In a Greek house the women and men had each their own separate apartments. This must be borne in mind here to explain the allusion.
[65] That is, from interested and selfish motives.
[66] On Lais and Aristippus see Cicero, "Ad. Fam.," ix. 26.
[67] Pausanias, i. 19, shows us that there was at Athens a Temple of Hercules called Cynosarges. But the matter is obscure. What the exact allusion is I cannot say.
[68] Fragment of AEschylus. See Athenaeus, xiii. p. 602, E, which explains the otherwise obscure allusion.
[69] That is the son of Hera alone, who was unwilling to be outdone by Zeus, who had given birth to Pallas Athene alone. Hesiod has the same view, "Theog." 927.
[70] [Greek: opora] is so used also in AEsch. "Suppl.," 998, 1015. See also "Athenaeus," 608, F. Daphnaeus implies these very nice gentlemen, like the same class described by Juvenal, "Curios simulant et Bacchanalia vivunt."
[71] I omit [Greek: kai kopidas] as a gloss or explanation of the old reading [Greek: makeleia] instead of [Greek: matruleia]. Nothing can be made of [Greek: kai kopidas] in the context.
[72] "Works and Days," 606-608.
[73] I follow here the reading of Wyttenbach. Through the whole of this essay the reading is very uncertain frequently. My text in it has been formed from a careful collation of Wyttenbach, Reiske, and Duebner. I mention this here once for all, for it is unnecessary in a translation to minutely specify the various readings on every occasion. I am not editing the "Moralia."
[74] "De Oenantha et Agathoclea, v. Polyb. excerpt, l. xv."--_Reiske._
[75] Thespiae. The allusion is to Phryne. See Pausanias, ix. 27; x. 15.
[76] Reading with Wyttenbach, [Greek: hosper daktylion ischnou, ho me perirrhue dedios.]
[77] Perhaps _cur_ = coward, was originally _cur-tail_.
[78] One of the three ports at Athens. See Pausanias, i. 1.
[79] Iolaus was the nephew of Hercules, and was associated with him in many of his Labours. See Pausanias, i. 19; vii. 2; viii. 14, 45.
[80] I read [Greek: synoarizontas]. The general reading [Greek: synerontas] will hardly do here. Wyttenbach suggests [Greek: synearizontas].
[81] What the [Greek: dibolia] was is not quite clear. I have supposed a jersey.
[82] The women of Lemnos were very masterful. On one memorable occasion they killed all their husbands in one night. Thus the line of Ovid has almost a proverbial force, "Lemniadesque viros nimium quoque vincere norunt."--_Heroides_, vi. 53. Siebelis in his Preface to Pausanias, p. xxi, gives from an old Scholia a sort of excuse for the action of the women of Lemnos.
[83] Probably the epilepsy. See Herodotus, iii. 33.
[84] Euripides, "Bacchae," 203.
[85] Euripides, Fragment of the "Melanippe."
[86] I take Wyttenbach's suggestion as to the reading here.
[87] This line is taken bodily by Aristophanes in his "Frogs," 1244.
[88] The first line is the first line of a passage from Euripides, consisting of thirteen lines, containing similar sentiments to this. See Athenaeus, xiii. p. 599, F. The last two lines are from Euripides, "Hippolytus," 449, 450.
[89] Compare Lucretius, i. 1-5.
[90] Hesiod, "Theogony," 116-120.
[91] Euripides, "Danae," Frag. Compare Ovid, "Cedit amor rebus: res age, tutus eris."
[92] Sophocles, Fragm. 678, Dindorf. Compare a remark of Sophocles, recorded by Cicero, "De Senectute," ch. xiv.
[93] Sophocles, Fragm. 720. Reading [Greek: kala] with Reiske.
[94] Iliad, v. 831.
[95] Connecting [Greek: Ares] with [Greek: anairein].
[96] The _Saint Hubert_ of the Middle Ages.
[97] AEschylus, Frag. 1911. Dindorf.
[98] Odyssey, v. 69.
[99] Fragm. 146, 125.
[100] Hermes is alluded to.
[101] All these four were titles of _Zeus_. They are very difficult to put into English so as to convey any distinctive and definite idea to an English reader.
[102] Enthusiasm is the being [Greek: entheos], or inspired by some god.
[103] From AEschylus, "Supplices," 681, 682.
[104] "Iliad," vii. 121, 122.
[105] Like the character described in Lucretius, ii. 1-6.
[106] Sophocles, "Trachiniae," 497. The Cyprian Queen is, of course, Aphrodite.
[107] Hence the famous Proverb, "Non omnibus dormio." See Cic. "Ad. Fam." vii. 24.
[108] Above, in Sec. xiii.
[109] See Sophocles, "Antigone," 783, 784. And compare Horace, "Odes," Book iv. Ode xiii. 6-8, "Ille virentis et Doctae psallere Chiae _Pulchris excubat in genis_."
[110] The "Niobe," which exists only in a few fragments.
[111] This was the name of Dionysius' Poem. He was a Corinthian poet.
[112] "Iliad," xiii. 131.
[113] Reading according to the conjecture of Wyttenbach, [Greek: hos ton Erota uonon aetteton onta ton strategon].
[114] Something has probably dropped out here, as Duebner suspects.
[115] Fragment from the "Stheneboea" of Euripides.
[116] Anytus was one of the accusers of Socrates, and so one of the causers of his death. So Horace calls Socrates "Anyti reum," "Sat." ii. 4, 3.
[117] Homeric Epigrammata, xiii. 5. Quoted also in "On Virtue and Vice," Sec. 1.
[118] Odyssey, xix. 40.
[119] I adopt the suggestion of Wyttenbach, [Greek: eipen, o Daphnaie].
[120] Pinder, "Pyth." i. 8.
[121] See for example Homer, Iliad, xi. 3, 73; ix. 502.
[122] Euripides, "Pirithous," Fragm. 591. Dindorf.
[123] An allusion to Homer, "Odyssey," xii. 453.
[124] So Terence, "Andria," 555. "Amantium irae amoris integratiost."
[125] Euripides, "Hippolytus," 194-196.
[126] The lines are from Alcaeus. Thus Love was the child of the Rainbow and the West Wind. A pretty conceit.
[127] Greek _iris_.
[128] The mirrors of the ancients were of course not like our mirrors. They were only burnished bronze. Hence the view in them would be at best somewhat obscure. This explains 1 Cor. xiii. 12; 2 Cor. iii. 18; James i. 23.
[129] See Euripides, "Hippolytus," 7, 8.
[130] Here the story unfortunately ends, and for all time we shall know no more of it. Reiske somewhat forcibly says, "Vel lippus videat Gorgus historiam non esse finitam, et multa, ut et alias, periisse."
[131] Like Reiske we condense here a little.
[132] Reading with Reiske [Greek: orthes kai athruptou.]
[133] I read [Greek: ei gar].
[134] See "Iliad," xxiii. 295. Podargus was an entire horse.
[135] See Ovid, "Metamorph." iii. 206-208.
[136] AEschylus, "Toxotides," Fragm. 224.
[137] A very favourite proverb among the ancients. See Plat. "Phaedr." fin. Martial, ii. 43.
[138] Soph. Fragm. 712.
[139] On Lais, see Pausanias, ii. 2. Her Thessalian lover is there called Hippostratus. Her favours were so costly that the famous proverb is said to owe its origin to her, "Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum."
[140] The AEgean and Ionian. Cf. Horace, "Odes," i. 7, 2.
[141] On Acro-Corinthus, see Pausanias, ii. 4. The words in inverted commas are from Euripides, Fragm. 921.
[142] On Lais generally, and her end, see Athenaeus, xiii. 54, 55.
[143] See Sec. I. The Festival of Love was being kept at this very time.
[144] This story is also told by Plutarch, "De Mulierum Virtutibus," Sec. xx.
[145] Sophocles, Fragm. 741. Quoted again in "On Abundance of Friends," Sec. iii.
[146] A Delphic word for love. Can it be connected with [Greek: arma]?
[147] Very frequent in Homer, _e.g._, "Iliad," ii. 232; vi, 165; xiii. 636: xiv. 353, etc.
[148] See Lucretius, iv. 1105-1114. I tone down the original here a little.
[149] Homer, "Odyssey," vi. 183, 184. Cf. Eurip. "Medea," 14, 15.
[150] This means when the moustache and beard and whiskers begin to grow.
[151] The whole story about Harmodius and Aristogiton and how they killed Hipparchus is told by Thucydides, vi. 54-59. Bion therefore practically called these sprouting beards _tyrant-killers_, _tyrannicides_.
[152] "Scriptus igitur hic libellus est post caedem Domitiani."--_Reiske._
[153] Vespasian certainly was not cruel generally. "Non temere quis punitus insons reperietur, nisi absente eo et ignaro aut certe invito atque decepto..... Sola est, in qua merito culpetur, pecuniae cupiditas."--Suetonius, "Divus Vespasianus," 15, 16.