347. TRINALL TRIPLICITIES, the threefold three orders of the celestial hierarchy according to the scholastic theologians. They were as follows: (1) Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones; (2) Dominations, Virtues, Powers; (3) Princedoms, Archangels, and Angels. Cf. Dante's _Paradiso_, xxviii, Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_, xviii, 96, and Milton's _Paradise Lost_, v, 748.
375. HER TACKLES SPENT, her worn-out rigging.
QUESTIONS AND TOPICS
(Canto XII)
1. Contrast the tone of this canto with the preceding two. 2. When does Spenser drop into a lighter, humorous vein? 3. Find allusions to sixteenth century customs, e.g. that of sitting on rush-strewn floors. 4. How was the Redcross Knight received by the King? 5. Compare Una's costume with that described in the first canto. Why this change? 6. What hint of the significance of her name in xxi? 7. What is the effect of Archimago's appearance? (For dramatic surprise.) 8. What is the effect of Duessa's letter? (Suspense of fear.) 9. Observe the confusion of Christian and Pagan rites in this canto. 10. Where does Spenser make happy use of maritime figures? 11. Explain the allegory of this canto.
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GLOSSARY
[The numbers refer to cantos and stanzas.]
A
Abide, v, 17, to attend on. About, i, 11, out of. Acquite, viii, 1, release, set free. Addrest, ii, 11, armed, equipped; x, 11, directed. Advise, i, 33, consider. Advizement, iv, 12, counsel, advice. Afflicted, Int. 4, humble. Affray, iii, 12, terror, alarm; v, 30, to startle. Affronted, viii, 13, opposed. Afore, x, 49, ahead, in front of. Agraste, x, 18, favor, show grace. Albe, v, 45, although. All, x, 47; xii, 23, although. Almner, x, 38, almoner, distributer of alms. Als, ix, 18, also, quite so. Amate, ix, 45, dismay, dishearten. Amis, iv, 18, linen head-dress. Amoves, iv, 45; viii, 21; ix, 18, moves. Andvile, xi, 42, anvil. Apply, x, 46, attend to, add. Aread, viii, 31, 33; ix, 6, 23; x, 51, 64, tell, explain; xii, 28, advise; ared, x, 17; explained; areeds, Int. 1, urges. Arise, vi, 32, depart, rise out of. Armorie, i, 27, armor. Arras, iv, 6; viii, 35, tapestry. Aslake, iii, 36, appease, abate the fury of. Assay, ii, 13, approved quality, value; vii, 27, trial; viii, 8, assault; ii, 24; iv, 8; viii, 2; xi, 32, try, assail, attempt. Assoiled, x, 52, absolved. Astond, ii, 31; vi, 9; ix, 35, astounded, amazed. Attach, xii, 35, seize, arrest. Attaine, ii, 8, reach, fall in with. Attaint, vii, 34, obscure, discolor. Avale, i, 21, fall, sink. Avise, v, 40; viii, 15, perceive.
B
Baite, i, 32, feed, refresh. Bale, i, 16; viii, 4, disaster, destruction; ix, 16, 29, trouble, grief. Banes, xii, 36, banns of marriage. Battailous, v, 2, warlike, ready for battle. Battrie, ix, 11, assault. Bauldrick, vii, 29, a leather girdle for the sword or bugle, worn pendant across the shoulder and breast. Bayes, vii, 3, bathes. Beades, i, 30, prayers. Beadmen, x, 36, men devoted to prayer for the soul of the founder of the charitable institution in which they lived. Become, x, 16, gone to; became, x, 66, suited. Bed, ix, 41, bid. Bedight, xii, 21, adorned. Beguyld, xi, 25, foiled. Beheast, iv, 18, command. Behight, x, 64, name, declare; x, 50, intrusted, delivered; xi, 38, behot, promised. Beseemed, viii, 32, suited, was becoming. Beseene, xii, 5, (good) looking, or (well) dressed. Bestedd, i, 24, situated, badly off. Bet, iii, 19, beat; bett, vi, 5. Betake, xii, 25, intrust to, hand over to. Bethrall, viii, 28, imprison, take captive. Bever, vii, 31, the lower and movable part of the helmet. Bewaile, vi, 1, cause, bring about. Use either forced, or an error (Nares). Bidding, i, 30, praying. Bilive, or blive, v, 32, quickly. Blame, ii, 18, hurt, injury, or blameworthiness. Blaze, xi, 7, proclaim. Blent, vi, 42, stained. Blesse, v, 6; viii, 22, brandish; vii, 12; ix, 28, protect, deliver; pp. blest. Blubbred, vi, 9, disfigured or swollen with weeping. Blunt, x, 47, dim (of eyesight). Bond, i, 3, bound. Booteth, iii, 20, 40, profits, avails. Bootlesse, v, 33, without avail. Bost, iii, 24, vain glory. Boughtes, i, 15; xi, 11, folds, coils. Bound, x, 67, lead. Bouzingcan, iv, 22, drinking vessel. Bowrs, viii, 41, muscles. Bras, x, 40, money, cf. Lat. _aes_. Brast, v, 31; viii, 4; ix, 21, burst. Brave, x, 42, fair, beautiful. Brawned, viii, 41; brawny, muscular. Breares, x, 35, briars. Brent, ix, 10; xi, 28, burnt. Brode, iv, 16, abroad. Brond, iv, 33; viii, 21, firebrand. Buffe, ii, 17; xi, 24, blow. Bugle, viii, 3, wild ox. Buxome, xi, 37, pliant, yielding. Bylive, ix, 4, quickly.
C
Call, viii, 46, cap, headdress. Can, iv, 46, an auxiliary verb with preterite meaning; ix, 5, can=gan, began (Halliwell). Canon, vii, 37, a smooth, round bit (for horses). Carefull, v, 52, etc., full of care, anxious, sorrowful. Careless, i, 41; ii, 45, free from care. Carke, i, 44, care, sorrow, anxiety. Carle, ix, 54, churl. Cast, x, 2; xi, 28, resolve, plan. Caytive, v, 45, captive; v, 11; viii, 32; ix, 11, base, mean. Chaufe, vii, 21, chafe, warm by rubbing; iii, 33, 43, vex, heat. Chaw, iv, 30, jaw. Chear, ii, 27, 42, face. Chearen, x, 2, regain cheerfulness, refresh (himself). Cleare, x, 28, clean. Cleene, ix, 4, clear, pure, bright. Compare, iv, 28, collect. Compel, i, 5, call to aid. Conceit, conception or design. Constraint, ii, 8, anguish; vii, 34, binding charms. Corage, ii, 35, heart. Corse, iii, 42; iv, 22, etc., body. Couch, ii, 15, lay (a lance in rest), level, adjust; couched xi, 9, laid in place (of armor plates). Couched, vii, 31, lying down with head up, ready to spring. Counterfesaunce, viii, 49, fraud, imposture. Court, vii, 38, courteous attention. Crime, x, 28, sin; xi, 46, cause. Cruddy, v, 29, clotted. Crudled, vii, 6; ix, 52, curdled, congealed (with cold). Cure, v, 44, charge.
D
Daint, x, 2, dainty, delicate. Dalliaunce, ii, 14, trifling, light talk. Dame, xii, 20, wife. Damnify, xi, 52, injure. Darrayne, iv, 40; vii, 11, prepare (for battle). Deare, vii, 48, hurt, injury. Deaw-burning, xi, 35, bright with dew. Debonaire, ii, 23, gracious, courteous. Defeasaunce, xii, 12, defeat. Defray, v, 42, appease. Deitye, iii, 21, immortality. Derth, ii, 27, dearness, high value. Deryn'd, iii, 2, diverted, drawn away. Despight, ii, 6, resentment; iv, 35, 41, etc., malice, spite, contempt; vii, 49; xi, 17, injury. Despoile, x, 17, strip. Devise, xii, 17, plan. Diamond, ix, 19, adamant, steel. Dight, vii, 8; iv, 14, etc., arrange, dress, adorn. Disaventrous, vii, 48, ix, 11, unfortunate. Discipline, vi, 31, teaching. Discolourd, vii, 32, variegated. Discourse, xii, 14, description; xii, 15, to narrate. Disease, xi, 38, render uneasy. Dishonesty, ii, 23, unchastity. Dispence, iii, 30, pay for. Dispiteous, ii, 15, cruel. Disple, x, 27, discipline. Disseized, xi, 20, dispossessed. Dissolute, vii, 51, weak, unstrung. Distayned, xi, 23, defiled. Dites, viii, 18, raises (a club). Diverse, i, 44, distracting. Divide, v, 17, play (variations). Documents, x, 19, doctrines. Donne, x, 33, to do. Doom, ix, 38, judgment. Doted, viii, 34, foolish. Doubt, vi, 1, fear. Doughty, xi, 52; xii, 6, strong, brave. Dragonets, xii, 10, little dragons. Dreed, or dred, Int. 4; vi, 2, object of reverence. Drere, viii, 40, sorrow. Drery, v, 30, gloomy; vi, 45, dripping with blood. Dreriment, ii, 44; xi, 32, sorrow, gloom. Drest, ix, 54, prepared, arranged. Drift, viii, 22, impetus. Droome, ix, 41, drum. Drousy-hed, ii, 7, drowsiness. Dry-dropsie, iv, 23 (meaning doubtful). (1) Dropsy causing thirst (Warton). (2) A misprint for _dire dropsie_ (Upton). (3) A misprint for _hydropsie_ (Collier). Dye, ii, 36, chance, fortune (lit. a small cube used for gaming).
E
Earne, i, 3; vi, 25; ix, 18, yearn, long for. Edifyde, i, 34, built. Eeke, v, 42, increase. Eft, ix, 25, again. Eftsoones, x, 24, etc., forthwith. Eke, iii, 21, also. Eld, x, 8, old age. Embalme, v, 17, anoint, pour balm into. Embaye, ix, 13; x, 27, bathe. Embost, iii, 24, encased; ix, 29, fatigued. Embosse, xi, 20, plunge. Embowed, ix, 19, rounded. Emboyled, xi, 28, agitated, troubled. Embrew, xi, 36, imbrue, drench. Empassioned, iii, 2, moved to pity. Empeach, viii, 34, hinder. Emperse, xi, 53, pierce. Emprize, ix, 1, undertaking, adventure. Enchace, xii, 23, set off in fitting terms. Endew, iv, 51, endow. Enfouldred, xi, 40, shot forth (like a thunderbolt). Engrave, x, 42, bury, entomb. Enhaunst, i, 17; v, 47, raised. Enlargen, viii, 37, deliver. Ensample, ix, 12, witness. Ensue, iv, 34, pursue; ix, 44, persecute. Entirely, xi, 32, with all the heart. Entraile, i, 16, fold, twist. Envie, ill will, hatred. Equall, vi, 26, side by side. Errant, iv, 38; x, 10, wandering (in quest of adventure). Esloyne, iv, 20, retire. Essoyne, iv, 20, excuse, exemption. Eugh, i, 9, yew. Ewghen, xi, 19, made of yew. Excheat, v, 25, gain; lit. property forfeited to the lord of a fief. Extirpe, x, 25, uproot. Eyas, xi, 34, young untrained hawk, unfledged falcon. Eyne, eien, eyen, ii, 27, etc., eyes.